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Anatomy Mapper® 模型对解剖部位描述进行标准化，提高其正确性、精确性和可重复性。Anatomy Mapper® 的多维地图和模型简化文档记录，支持超过 100 种语言，生成可互操作且适用于研究的健康数据，并提供更多功能。我们通过可编码概念以及以下技术的功能，生成适用于 AI 的健康数据： Semantic Coordination™。
Anatomy Mapper® 的地图和语言为 AI 模型生成可互操作的解剖描述和编码提供可靠依据。Semantic Coordination™ 的专有功能支持利用语言更精细地定位图像中的解剖区域。Anatomy Mapper® 的语言已被认可为国际标准，其基础语言已通过验证并纳入 ICD-11。Anatomy Mapper® 的工作流程利用易于理解、无需医学知识即可使用的模型，提高临床工作和数据标注的效率。Anatomy Mapper® 的知识产权组合可应用于语言模型、视觉语言模型和多模态模型，为医疗健康 AI 提供支持。Anatomy Mapper® EDU 版向注册的自然人用户免费开放，可生成包含发现部位和备注的列表，供粘贴到患者的个人病历中。
Anatomy Mapper® 技术将语言描述转换为精确、协调且可指定目标区域的可视化内容。它还可处理 ICD-11 等编码语言，生成精确、协调且可指定目标区域的可视化内容。此外，我们的视觉语言模型可同时从多个维度描述解剖结构。Anatomy Mapper® 的体表解剖视觉库以经过验证并被接受为国际标准的语言为基础。Anatomy Mapper® 视觉库第一版仅在体表解剖方面就包含超过 1.6 百万组与经验证的国际标准关联的语言—图像配对，我们的模型仅在体表解剖方面就包含超过 10 百万个可训练语言参数。计入镜像后，仅体表解剖方面便有超过 3.2 百万组语言—图像配对和 20 百万个可训练语言参数。Anatomy Mapper® 的多模态模型为人工智能提供可靠依据，并支持具有临床实用价值的工作流程。
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Anatomy Mapper® 的术语和地图已被认可为国际标准。其中， 标准化体表形貌术语 以分层词汇体系呈现，并已纳入世界卫生组织的 ICD-11。“ICD-ST”（“体表形貌”）：
“ICD-ST”凝聚了多年国际合作成果，旨在验证体表形貌的分层词汇体系。AnatomyMapper.com 上的“ICD-ST”名称经世界卫生组织许可使用。该标准化术语作为基础词汇，用于制定《国际疾病分类》第 11 次修订版 ICD-11 中的“体表形貌”内容。
出版物标题： Developing an international standard for the classification of surface anatomic location for use in clinical practice and epidemiologic research
PubMed 链接： https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31010690/ (PMID 31010690)
AMA 格式引文： Kenneweg KA, Halpern AC, Chalmers RJG, Soyer HP, Weichenthal M, Molenda MA. Developing an international standard for the classification of surface anatomic location for use in clinical practice and epidemiologic research. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(6):1564-1584. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.035
MLA 格式引文： Kenneweg, Katherine A et al. “Developing an international standard for the classification of surface anatomic location for use in clinical practice and epidemiologic research.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology vol. 80,6 (2019): 1564-1584. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.035
APA 格式引文： Kenneweg, K. A., Halpern, A. C., Chalmers, R. J. G., Soyer, H. P., Weichenthal, M., & Molenda, M. A. (2019). Developing an international standard for the classification of surface anatomic location for use in clinical practice and epidemiologic research. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 80(6), 1564–1584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.035
NLM 格式引文： Kenneweg KA, Halpern AC, Chalmers RJG, Soyer HP, Weichenthal M, Molenda MA. Developing an international standard for the classification of surface anatomic location for use in clinical practice and epidemiologic research. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Jun;80(6):1564-1584. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.035. Epub 2019 Apr 19. PMID: 31010690.
作者名单： Katherine A Kenneweg 1, Allan C Halpern 2, Robert J G Chalmers 3, H Peter Soyer 4, Michael Weichenthal 5, Matthew A Molenda 6
发表时的所属机构：
1 Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
2 Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
3 University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Medical and Scientific Advisory Committee, International Classification of Diseases Revision Project, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
4 Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
5 Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
6 Bravia Dermatology, Toledo, Ohio.
ICD-ST 其他贡献者；所列机构为参与时的所属机构：
ICD-ST 地图标注 — Darshana Balasubramaniam, MS4 — University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH.
出版前的 ICD-ST 版本经国际专家审查并扩充，这些专家参与了以下组织： International Skin Imaging Collaboration 他们采用以下方法制定体表形貌的分层术语： 德尔菲法.
出版物标题： Human surface anatomy terminology for dermatology: A Delphi consensus from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC).
PubMed 链接： https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32770737/ (PMID 32770737)
AMA 格式引文： Navarrete-Dechent C, Liopyris K, Molenda MA, et al. Human surface anatomy terminology for dermatology: A Delphi consensus from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) [published online ahead of print, 2020 Aug 8]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;10.1111/jdv.16855. doi:10.1111/jdv.16855
MLA 格式引文： Navarrete-Dechent, Cristian et al. “Human surface anatomy terminology for dermatology: A Delphi consensus from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC).” Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 10.1111/jdv.16855. 8 Aug 2020. doi:10.1111/jdv.16855
APA 格式引文： Navarrete-Dechent, C., Liopyris, K., Molenda, M. A., Braun, R., Curiel-Lewandrowski, C., Dusza, S. W., Guitera, P., Hofmann-Wellenhof, R., Kittler, H., Lallas, A., Malvehy, J., Marchetti, M. A., Oliviero, M., Pellacani, G., Puig, S., Peter Soyer, H., Tejasvi, T., Thomas, L., Tschandl, P., Scope, A., … Halpern, A. C. (2020). Human surface anatomy terminology for dermatology: A Delphi consensus from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC). Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 10.1111/jdv.16855. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16855
NLM 格式引文： Navarrete-Dechent C, Liopyris K, Molenda MA, Braun R, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Dusza S. W., Guitera P, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Kittler H, Lallas A, Malvehy J, Marchetti M. A., Oliviero M, Pellacani G, Puig S, Peter Soyer H, Tejasvi T, Thomas L, Tschandl P, Scope A, Marghoob A. A., Halpern A. C. Human surface anatomy terminology for dermatology: A Delphi consensus from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Aug 8. doi: 10.1111/jdv.16855. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32770737.
作者名单：
Cristián Navarrete-Dechent, MD;1,2 * Konstantinos Liopyris, MD;1,3 * Matthew A Molenda, MD;4 Ralph Braun, MD;5 Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski, MD;6 Stephen W Dusza, Dr.PH;1 Pascale Guitera, MD, PhD;7 Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof, MD;8 Harald Kittler, MD;9 Aimilios Lallas, MD, PhD;10 Josep Malvehy, MD;11 Michael A Marchetti, MD;1 Margaret Oliviero, ARNP;12 Giovanni Pellacani, MD, PhD;13 Susana Puig, MD;11 H Peter Soyer, MD;14 Trilokraj Tejasvi, MD;15 Luc Thomas, MD;16 Philipp Tschandl, MD, PhD;9 Alon Scope, MD;17 Ashfaq A Marghoob, MD;1 Allan C Halpern, MD.1
发表时的所属机构：
1 Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
2 Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
3 Andreas Syggros Hospital of Cutaneous & Venereal Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
4 Bravia Dermatology, Toledo, OH, USA.
5 Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
6 Department of Dermatology, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
7 Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
8 Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
9 Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
10 First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
11 Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
12 Dermatology Associates, Plantation, FL, USA.
13 Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
14 The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia.
15 Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
16 Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Lyon 1 university and Cancer research center of Lyons INSERM U1052 – CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.
17 The Kittner Skin Cancer Screening and Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
*贡献相同
德尔菲共识其他贡献者：
德尔菲地图标注 – Cristián Navarrete-Dechent, MD
德尔菲共识的西班牙语翻译 – Cristián Navarrete-Dechent, MD; Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile – AND – Tomás Andrade Donoso, MD; Department of Otolaryngology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
德尔菲地图西班牙语标注 — Cristián Navarrete-Dechent, MD; Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
网页发布与展示 — Matthew Molenda, MD
关于 NYU 在线标注系统
原始图像捐赠者：Alfred Kopf, MD, Head of NYU Melanoma Clinical Cooperative Group, New York University, New York, NY
网站及功能设计者：Matt Molenda, MD
映射协调与术语图例（参与时的所属机构）：
Katherine Kenneweg, MS4, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH
特别感谢： Allan Halpern, MD, Chief of Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
关于 NYU 标注系统
该编号系统最初于 1970 年代初在 Alfred Kopf 医生主持下为 New York University Melanoma Clinical Cooperative Group 绘制，使临床人员能够以标准化方式轻松识别身体区域，持续追踪病灶。截至 2015 年，该系统仍在众多大型医疗机构中使用，包括 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center、Cleveland Clinic 和 Mayo Clinic 等。
版权 © Matt Molenda, MD。保留所有权利。
图像由 Matt Molenda, MD 优化并重新编排。保留所有权利。
原始图像捐赠者：Alfred Kopf, MD, Head of NYU Melanoma Clinical Cooperative Group, New York University, New York, NY
关于最初的人体体表解剖标注系统
设计者 Matthew Molenda, MD
2009 年映射协调人员；所列机构为参与时的所属机构：
Matthew Palmer, MS4, NEOUCOM
Kapil Sachdeva, MS4, Ohio State
Anatomy Mapper 最初于 2009 年展示，用于呈现人体体表形貌的解剖部位标签。
版权 © Anatomy Mapper。保留所有权利。